Salvia Divinorum A monograph · Lamiaceae

Folio 03 of 06

Salvia leaves and extracts, and what 5x, 10x or 20x really means

Herbarium sheetNo. 03
Taxon
Salvia divinorum Epling & Játiva
Family
Lamiaceae
Sheet
Extracts · folio 03
Revised

A salvia extract, often sold as "extract-enhanced leaf", is dried leaf to which concentrated salvinorin A from more leaf has been added. The "x" on the label is meant to say how much stronger it is than plain leaf: a 10x should be about ten times as strong (Trimbos Institute, DRUGSinfo). Nobody checks those labels, and laboratory tests show the numbers are unreliable.

On sale. Dried leaf, "extract-enhanced" leaf from 5x upwards, liquid extracts, seeds and cuttings (DEA, 2025).

What laboratories found

Several research groups have bought salvia products and measured how much salvinorin A they contain. The results, in milligrams of salvinorin A per gram of product:

StudyProductsMeasured salvinorin A
Chambers et al., 2022 (USA)Raw leaf1.54 mg/g on average
Chambers et al., 2022Enhanced leaf extracts13.0 to 53.2 mg/g
Tsujikawa et al., 2008 (Japan)3 dried leaf products3.2 to 5.0 mg/g
Tsujikawa et al., 20089 "concentrated extracts"4.1 to 38.9 mg/g
Hernández-Bello et al., 2015 (Mexico)Extracts of several brands and strengths8.32 to 56.52 mg/g

Two other findings stand out. In Mexico, one brand's products did not match their declared strengths at all (Hernández-Bello et al., 2015). In the United States, five products bought online and in head shops all contained much less salvinorin A than their labels claimed, and three contained additives: vitamin E in two, caffeine in one (Wolowich et al., 2006).

Unit. mg/g = milligrams of salvinorin A per gram of product. 10 mg/g is 1% by weight.

Do the numbers add up?

Take leaf at 1.5 to 5 mg/g. A true 20x would then contain 30 to 100 mg/g. The strongest extract in any of these studies measured about 57 mg/g. So a high "x" on a label tells you a product is meant to be stronger than the lower numbers from the same maker. It does not tell you how much salvinorin A is in it, and it cannot be compared between brands.

Why small amounts matter

Smoked salvinorin A is active from about 200 to 500 micrograms (Siebert, 1994). A pinch of 50 milligrams of an extract that measures 30 mg/g contains 1.5 mg: three to seven times that range. A second pinch on top of the first, or a jump from 10x to 40x, changes the experience far more than the label suggests.

The Trimbos Institute advises a low dose for exactly this reason: the effects are often unpleasant or overwhelming, and the risks rise with the dose (DRUGSinfo).

Reading a label

The products

These are leaf and the lower extract strengths sold by Avalon Magic Plants, the shop behind this site. Their labels carry the same uncertainty as any other label described above: we have no laboratory values for these products. Salvia is legal to sell in the Netherlands, but ordering or importing it is an offence in a number of countries. Check the legal status for where you live first.

Where to read on